If an employer is not able to secure reassignment, women have the right to a leave with compensation, pursuant to their collective contract and labour rules.

According to the Labour Law, article 68, salaries of employees are defined by collective contract, labour regulations and work contracts as such, each salary is unique for a position, held by either men or women.

Salaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina are regulated by a general collective contract and branch collective contracts.

The employer bound by a collective contract has to determine in its labour rules, developed in coordination with the union, the lowest salary, which cannot be lower than the lowest salary determined by the branch union.

While the Labour Law stimulates flexible adjustments in the labour market, strict collective contracts continue to be rigorous and disable job creation.

The National Collective Labour Agreement of the years 2002 2003 has established the following

According to article 68 of the Law on labor, the collective contract, a book of rules and regulations, and a work contract determine the salaries of employees.

In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to the Labour Law provisions, the lowest salary is determined by collective contracts and labour regulations.

Even though in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina there are workers to whom the provisions of the collective contract pertain, the competent minister has not yet decided on extending application of the collective contract, even he receives the opinion from the union and employers association.

Under the laws in effect on work and employment, the general collective contract, as well as sectoral collective contracts, men and women have equal opportunities in access to employment and training, equal working conditions and labour protection, equal salary for the same job and all other rights that are not necessarily determined for women (like maternity protection, maternity leave, etc.).

Section 24 of the Act respecting income security provided that programs such as STM would not be subject to the requirements of the Act respecting labour standards, the Labour Code and collective agreements.

A labour contract cannot be cancelled by an employer while a worker is on leave, except when the business is being liquidated or the businessman is terminating his activities (article 46 of the Labour Code).

According to the general collective contract, concluded in May 2000, the lowest salary is determined by branch collective contracts, and it cannot be below 55 per cent of the average salary in the Federation, as per the latest published statistical data.

However, under legal regulations and norms derived from conventions pertaining to union freedoms and collective bargaining, along with the principle that a collective contract obliges only some parties to it, provisions of the general collective agreement are applied only in companies with majority State ownership in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The National Collective Labour Agreements of the years 2002 2004 have improved the existing legislation concerning private sector employees, as far as labour relations equality, parental leaves, paternal leaves and other issues related to gender are concerned.

Rights to breaks (daily, weekly, annual), number of work hours and paid leave during State holidays are regulated by labour legislation and collective contracts.

Civilians living in counter insurgency areas who are unable to carry out their forced labour duties are particularly vulnerable to reprisals and collective punishment.

This issue is determined with the new General collective contract that is being discussed by partners in social dialogues, and which passing is expected to be soon.

For example, the collective contract of the oil and petrochemicals branch in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina states, in articles 66, 70 and 72, as follows

A collective agreement is a legal contract between employers and trade unions as bargaining agents for units of workers, within the industrial relations context (see section B).

The National Collective Labour Agreements of the years 2002 2004 have improved the existing legislation for employees in the private sector, as regards equality in labour relations, parental leaves, paternity leaves and other matters related to gender issues.

As a notable contrast to the positive elements of new labour legislation in both Entities stand collective contracts, which remain largely oriented to strict prescription and control, thus imposing on the labour market many regulations from the previous period.

These principles and rights include freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced or compulsory labour, the abolition of child labour and the elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation.

In Republika Srpska, the general collective contract determines a guaranteed salary of up to 65 per cent of the salary that an employee received in the last three months.

Despite the agreed levels, the international financial organizations have a limiting influence on collective bargaining, and thereby the lowest labour price is the basis for salary calculations.

During the job placement period, those women continue to receive their wages, but for no more than three months after the expiration date of the labour agreement (contract).

The Committee welcomes the promulgation by the State Council of Rules on Supervision of Labour Security and its amended Regulations on Collective Contracts and Regulations on Minimum Wages.

Collective strategies, collective institutions and collective action are indispensable.

In the private sector, where such differences sometimes existed, they were usually to be found in the smaller companies that were not subject to labour legislation and collective bargaining.

Collective strategies, collective institutions and collective action are indispensable . (Ibid., para.

An employer cannot refuse to employ a pregnant woman, cancel her labour contract or, except in cases when it is in the interest of her health, reassign her to other positions.

Convention No. 100  Application of the principle by means of collective agreements. In a direct request of 2004, with reference to the use of gender stereotypes in the appraisal of posts listed in collective agreements, the Committee noted the Government's statement that once the revision of the Labour Code was concluded the social partners would most likely undertake steps to renegotiate the existing collective agreements.

This evaluation showed, among other things, that part time employees are now no longer partly or wholly excluded from the coverage of collective labour agreements as they often were in the past.

(a) Under article 172 of the Labour Code, a labour agreement (contract) with a pregnant woman or a woman who has children under the age of three (or a single mother) cannot be terminated by the employer if the woman has a disabled child under the age of 16, except in cases in which the business is being completely liquidated, in which case termination of the contract is allowed, but another job must be found for the employee.

However, even on the above grounds the employment contract with a pregnant woman or a person raising a child under three years old can only be terminated with the consent of a labour inspector.

Two and a half months after terminating her employment contract, the author reported to the Labour Inspectorate that she had been struck in the right eye by a lemon on 2 July 1993 while working.

of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the federal minister can expand the application of collective agreements to other legal Entities if he deems it appropriate, even if they did not negotiate and conclude the contract or acceded to it subsequently.

Also, it is about the creation of a favourable environment for signing the General Collective Contract for Brčko District, in such a way that an observer's chair is reserved in the assembly hall and he receives discussion papers regularly.

Contract award

In 2004 an investigation was carried out into the extent to which complaints procedures for individual employees are incorporated into Collective Labour Agreements (CAOs), what the nature of these procedures is and what procedures complainants must follow.

Our heritage is much more than our collective memory it's our collective treasure.

(a) Arising from an original contract that is a contract for the supply or lease of goods or services other than financial services, a construction contract or a contract for the sale or lease of real property

(a) Arising from an original contract that is a contract for the supply or lease of goods or services other than financial services, a construction contract or a contract for the sale or lease of real property

The Committee noted that under section 41(2) of the Labour Proclamation wages shall be determined by the contracting parties, but that they may not be less than the minimum wages fixed by a collective agreement in an undertaking.

Collective Branch Agreements