The Sudan is part of the Horn of Africa, an area of high tension and conflict.

Women and indigenous people in conflict with the law also often have high rates of crime victimization.

This risk is especially high when the affected areas have pre existing patterns of discrimination or ethnic conflict.

For example, high rates of violence against women afflict all parts of the world, including zones of armed conflict.

In that regard, SADC thanked the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict for placing the issues of children affected by armed conflict high on the international agenda.

They encouraged both parties to the conflict to participate constructively in the next high level meeting of the Group of Friends.

Despite threats and intimidation from extremist groups targeting the electoral process, voter turnout was high even in the most vulnerable conflict areas.

The drought further exacerbated the already high level of vulnerability of the population, which has been subjected to nearly 25 years of conflict.

None of the cases related to the height of the conflict in 2003 and 2004, and none of the verdicts convicted high level officials.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and UNICEF worked together to assist children separated from their families by conflict.

The Assembly will recall that the figures pertaining to conflict were rather high in 1998, but have now gone from, I think, 14 to 3.

Second, a smaller group of treaties exhibits a moderately high likelihood of applicability during armed conflict, including reciprocal inheritance treaties and multilateral law making conventions.

Women's role in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction

Following the appointment of the Special Representative of the Secretary General, the plight of children affected by armed conflict has received high priority from the United Nations.

Almost 50 per cent of children have experienced conflict related violence or witnessed violent acts affecting immediate family members, generating high rates of psychological problems among children.

MINUGUA attached high priority throughout its mandate to defending human rights monitors, who were still subject to periodic threats and harassment after the end of the conflict.

Paragraph 22 This paragraph only applies to States whereas Article 3 (10) of Amended Protocol II applies to States (High Contracting Parties) and parties to the conflict .

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees convenes the United Nations sub cluster on humanitarian response and post conflict recovery, which advances the promotion and implementation of integrated programmes in post conflict countries to contribute to reconstruction and sustain peace and stability.

The non application of the whole of international humanitarian law to non international armed conflict is particularly problematic because the Protocol dealing specifically with non international armed conflict, Protocol II, requires a very high threshold to trigger its applicability and has seldom been applied.

The Committee expresses its deep concern about the high incidence of domestic violence, often resulting from psychological distress caused by unemployment and traumatic disorders related to armed conflict.

His delegation agreed with the High Commissioner that the international community's support and cooperation were essential to ensure the sustainability of refugee repatriation movements through post conflict reconstruction processes.

We all recall the recommendations on the threat of conflict between States and the threat of conflict within States, as contained in the report of the High level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change in recent months those recommendations were the subject of broad based consultation and discussion.

It organized a human rights seminar for judges in Qatar in May 2004 and a high level workshop on the rule of law tools for post conflict States in September 2004. It also helped in the creation of seven draft rule of law policy tools for post conflict States.

There is general agreement that addressing the long term needs of countries emerging from conflict requires a high degree of coordination and coherence among the various international actors supporting peacebuilding.

We share the view that, while high levels of aid do not guarantee success, the absence or inadequacy of aid would make post conflict peacebuilding efforts a time wasting charade.

Conflict, post conflict reconstruction and the private sector

Australia believes peacebuilding must be interpreted broadly to encompass the whole conflict cycle, such that the Protocol would cover pre conflict, conflict and post conflict operations.

Also welcomes the engagement of the Office of the High Commissioner with concerned national institutions on a regional level in relation to conflict prevention as well as the prevention of torture

12. Calls for the enhancement of the role of women in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post conflict peacebuilding

(a) delivering humanitarian, political or development assistance in peacebuilding, including in pre conflict, conflict and post conflict situations or

I welcome these contributions, as one urges Governments to strengthen efforts to assist businesses in promoting peace, while the other encourages high impact industries to more aggressively develop conflict sensitive business practices.

Conflict

We would also like to recall the High level Panel's proposals aimed at enhancing the capabilities and the role of the United Nations in conflict mediation, which were set aside in the discussions.

The report of the High level Panel will ensure that debate and discussion on the most effective means of providing international and United Nations assistance to weak and post conflict States will intensify.

Several delegations expressed support for the interpretation that peacebuilding comprised operations undertaken in pre conflict, in conflict and post conflict situations.

A training module on gender and conflict was developed for inclusion in the training curriculum around conflict analysis and conflict sensitive programming.

The role of business in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and post conflict peacebuilding.

The United Nations has closely monitored the situation in northern Uganda, provided political and strategic advice to the national mediator and engaged in high level advocacy to promote a peaceful resolution of the conflict.

Conflict resolution

addressing conflict and political instability on the continent, with the aim of achieving a conflict free Africa by 2010 by prioritizing and allocating more resources to conflict prevention and post conflict reconstruction and peacebuilding

A premature exit from conflict areas courts a disastrous slide back into conflict.

T. Bouta, G. Frerks, Women's role in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction, 2002 (Parliamentary Papers, House of Representatives SZW 02 501).

The scope of the protection should be extended to cover conflict and post conflict situations, including transitional reconstruction phases, but not pre conflict situations.

Sustained effort is, therefore, necessary throughout the spectrum from potential conflict, to conflict to peacebuilding if we are to have less conflict to resolve.

An expected decline in foreign aid due to the phasing out of humanitarian and post conflict recovery assistance, as well as perceived high levels of corruption, could result in a substantial reduction in foreign inflows.