1209 (1998) Stemming the illicit arms flows to and in Africa

Customs and border enforcement of arms flows needs further improvement to implement effectively the United Nations arms embargo on Somalia.

Full use should be made of international and regional instruments to curb illicit arms flows and enforce arms embargoes in Africa.

The Monitoring Group believes that an integrated arms embargo is needed at this time in view of the uncontrolled and dramatic rise in arms flows into Somalia and in the number of corresponding arms embargo violations.

The international community's efforts to stabilize West Africa should devote particular attention to controlling the arms flows that converge there.

28. Identifying the sources of arms flows into Africa is critical to any effort to monitor or regulate this trade.

The Monitoring Group received many reports concerning arms flows into Somalia, most of which it believed had a foundation in fact.

The Monitoring Group has determined that arms flows continued at an alarming rate and in large quantities during the reporting period.

Those operational disarmament, demobilization and reintegration activities are undertaken within a regional context, which emphasizes the monitoring of the illicit flows of small arms and light weapons and the monitoring of arms embargoes.

The flow of arms into and through BAM is a good barometer of arms flows into and around Somalia, since the Monitoring Group believes that arms coming into Somalia via seaports, airports and roads are, to a significant degree, channelled to BAM.

Due to the high level of tension between TFG and the opposition, and the resulting greatly increased arms flows into Somalia, the Monitoring Group proposes that the Security Council consider a new approach to deal with arms embargo violations.

This committee should not only establish mechanisms to monitor the arms embargo, but should also seek, ideally with the assistance of a panel of experts, to address the origins of arms flows to those actors covered in resolution 1556 (2004).

The international community, for its part, must also ensure that the trade in arms flows only through channels authorized by both the exporting and the importing Governments.

Although customs authorities have shown their political will to cooperate with the United Nations to improve further the arms embargo, worrisome arms flows in the region indicate that circumvention of customs supervision and control to move arms into Somalia requires the regional customs authorities to allocate more resources to deal with this serious customs offence.

Such an embargo should be directed both at the de facto Government and the rebel forces to prevent all arms flows towards the parties to the conflict in Burundi.

Capital flows

OFDI flows

Debt flows

Total private flows

(b) Trade flows

D. Trade flows

A. Official flows

B. Private flows

D. Private flows

Their persistent growth and stability distinguish these flows from other private financial flows.

Fostering an enabling environment for development financial flows, including capital flows investment trade

Secondly, we note that violence against civilians in a given country directly affects the surrounding region as a result of refugee flows, environmental degradation and the proliferation of illicit arms trading.

Inaction was not an option in the face of today s destructive conflicts, which could destabilize entire regions and generate such problems as illegal arms flows, terrorism, drug trafficking and environmental degradation.

However, these flows tend to be more volatile than official flows and pro cyclical.

The continuing reports of the recruitment of Liberian ex combatants to participate in conflicts in the subregion, as well as the cross border flows of arms, pose serious threats to regional peace.

To arms! To arms!

Why Capital Flows Uphill

This river flows rapidly.

Investment and private flows

Flows to Chile doubled.

financial flows for development.

Capital flows and remittances

(g) Private investment flows

(e) Private investment flows

Transborder data flows compliance

15. Transborder data flows.

Aggregate net resource flows

(b) Trade flows 6

B. External resource flows

And life flows along