Allegations of human rights abuses by members of non State armed groups have also been received.

Certain mandates required cooperation with other non State actors, such as the private sector and even armed groups.

The Special Rapporteur continued to receive reliable reports of forcible recruitment and training of children for the Government armed forces and non State armed groups.

Slovakia is therefore deeply concerned about the continued blatant disrespect for international humanitarian law on the part of armed groups and State and non State actors in armed conflicts against civilians.

UNDP rule of law Officers have been deployed in eastern Sudan, while in Darfur the programme is now also reaching out to non State armed groups beyond the state capitals and Government controlled territories.

It believes that some of the measures proposed would hinder acceptance of the MOTAPM instrument among armed groups in non international armed conflicts.

Since protagonists include States, and in particular their armed and police forces, as well as non State armed groups, we should underscore the fact that the fundamental humanitarian principles of independence, integrity and neutrality apply to this question in all circumstances.

In addition, several armed non State actors continue to use anti personnel mines.

The Special Rapporteur is very concerned to hear that the use of landmines by Government forces and some non State armed groups continues, affecting nine out of 14 states and divisions.

For example, terrorist or counter terrorist actions may entail resort to armed force between States giving rise to an international armed conflict, as was the case in Afghanistan in 2002, or a non international armed conflict involving armed confrontations between a State's armed forces and a relatively organized dissident armed group or between such groups within the territory of a State.

Non State actors and terrorist groups must be prevented from acquiring nuclear and radioactive materials for non peaceful uses.

The ongoing armed conflict between Government forces and non State armed groups of the various ethnic minority communities, combined with the perpetration of systematic and grave human rights violations have resulted in significant numbers of people fleeing their homes and becoming internally displaced persons and refugees.

The ethnic group remained exposed to various forms of violence by State and non State actors, resulting, inter alia, in displacement, killings and kidnappings by armed groups, torture and arbitrary detention in the context of the ongoing inter state boundary dispute and the ongoing boundary demarcation between Bangladesh and India.

(b) Armed groups that are distinct from the armed forces of a State not, under any circumstances, to recruit or use in hostilities persons under the age of 18 years

It includes combatants affected by force downsizing, armed groups allied to the signatories of the agreement and foreign armed groups.

(b) Violations attributed to armed groups

The relevant institutions of Haiti, non governmental organizations, UNICEF and MINUSTAH have been working on a strategy to separate children from armed groups.

Negotiations are ongoing between First Vice President Salva Kiir and leaders of other armed groups on their participation in southern state governments.

Other armed groups continue to incorporate children.

Disarmament and repatriation of foreign armed groups

Disarmament and repatriation of foreign armed groups

It should be noted that because humanitarian law does not confer privileged combatant status on members of dissident armed groups in non international armed conflicts, such persons are not entitled on capture to POW status.

As traditional warfare gives way to modern non traditional, domestic or informal armed conflicts, the parameters of the effect of armed conflict on treaties are left in a considerable state of uncertainty.

The disarmament of armed groups is, in our view, the sine qua non for restoring stability on the island and for the success of the transitional process.

Ministers, Heads of State Institutions, Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces, Chief of State Police, Attorney General, Provincial Governors, District Heads and Majors, and Non Ministerial Government Bodies and institutions

In instances when armed non state actors are operating in areas under States Parties' jurisdiction or control, make it clear that armed non state actors are required to comply with the provisions of the Convention and that they will be called to account for violations of the Convention in accordance with measures taken under Article 9.

Former leaders of Ituri armed groups continue to wield influence

Efforts by both the Government and the armed groups to control armed elements are often insufficient or ineffective.

Whereas some children join armed groups for food or in order to survive or to avenge atrocities in their communities, others are physically abducted by armed groups for war.

Such weapons may end up in the hands of groups involved in armed conflicts as well as organized criminal groups and terrorist groups.

Article 8(2)(f) of the ICC statute has further complicated the question. It declares that the provisions in paragraph 2(e), which go beyond common Article 3 and include some additional Geneva and Hague law, apply to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State when there is a protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups. '

More important, most armed groups obey no laws, national or international.

Some leaders of other armed groups have been offered government positions.

Monitoring of the cessation of hostilities and movements of armed groups

While particular generational delineations are somewhat arbitrary, they reflect an important trend the blurring of the military front and the civilian rear. Accelerating this shift is the replacement of interstate war by armed conflict involving non state actors such as insurgent groups, terrorist networks, militias, and criminal organizations.

The key groups would include professional soldiers who have fought on the side of non State actors rebel or mercenary soldiers and child soldiers.

Terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to non State actors, the existence of nuclear weapons, and armed conflict top the list of global security issues.

The armed groups are rearming and the conflict is spreading outside Darfur.

(d) The discrimination and violations suffered by persons belonging to ethnic nationalities of Myanmar, particularly in border and conflict areas, and attacks by military forces and non State armed groups on villages in Karen State and other ethnic States in Myanmar, leading to extensive forced displacements and serious violations and other abuses of the human rights of the affected populations

Here the State party notes that no complaint admissible by the Committee could arise out of the complainant's allegations that he had received death threats from armed Islamist groups, since such threats by a non governmental entity not occupying the country were in any case beyond the scope of the Convention.

Protection of civilians, including women and children, in armed conflicts, especially from the threats of non State actors, remains the primary challenge for us to address effectively.

C. Equality, non discrimination and special groups

Furthermore, parties whose activities must be monitored are both Governments and armed groups.

Even convoys escorted by the police are attacked by groups of armed men.

(c) To take all feasible measures, as a matter of priority, to prevent the recruitment and use of children by armed groups, as distinct from the armed forces of a State, including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices